{"id":364,"date":"2014-07-09T15:49:10","date_gmt":"2014-07-09T15:49:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/192.168.1.104\/restaurant\/?page_id=12"},"modified":"2019-04-06T19:20:52","modified_gmt":"2019-04-06T19:20:52","slug":"friedliche-revolution","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/freiheitsdenkmal-leipzig.de\/en\/friedliche-revolution","title":{"rendered":"The peaceful revolution"},"content":{"rendered":"<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-b9ps5g-21972eb8b6d4812321965246d2937496\">\n.avia-section.av-b9ps5g-21972eb8b6d4812321965246d2937496 .av-parallax .av-parallax-inner{\nbackground-repeat:no-repeat;\nbackground-image:url(https:\/\/freiheitsdenkmal-leipzig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/Foto-003-002-005.jpg);\nbackground-position:50% 100%;\nbackground-attachment:scroll;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div id='av_section_1'  class='avia-section av-b9ps5g-21972eb8b6d4812321965246d2937496 main_color avia-section-default avia-no-shadow  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modern-quote modern-centered  avia-builder-el-1  avia-builder-el-no-sibling  av-thin-font av-inherit-size'><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag'  itemprop=\"headline\"  ><strong>The Peaceful Revolution<\/strong><\/h1><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/main><!-- close content main element --><\/div><\/div><div id='streiflichter'  class='avia-section av-axzb1o-3e0c95efc6f6db36d32f077225876b41 main_color avia-section-small avia-no-shadow  avia-builder-el-2  el_after_av_section  el_before_av_section  avia-bg-style-scroll container_wrap fullsize'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-full alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-364'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-jod42m7g-e26fc03d82b67bf9212075eab3719c27\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-jod42m7g-e26fc03d82b67bf9212075eab3719c27{\nheight:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-jod42m7g-e26fc03d82b67bf9212075eab3719c27 hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-3  el_before_av_heading  avia-builder-el-first'><span class='hr-inner'><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-av_heading-5bbb873f7d10d1df7d430cd4a144fb05\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-av_heading-5bbb873f7d10d1df7d430cd4a144fb05{\npadding-bottom:10px;\nfont-size:35px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-av_heading-5bbb873f7d10d1df7d430cd4a144fb05 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n#top #wrap_all .av-special-heading.av-av_heading-5bbb873f7d10d1df7d430cd4a144fb05 .av-special-heading-tag{\nfont-size:35px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-av_heading-5bbb873f7d10d1df7d430cd4a144fb05 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:20px;\n}\n\n@media only screen and (min-width: 480px) and (max-width: 767px){ \n#top #wrap_all .av-special-heading.av-av_heading-5bbb873f7d10d1df7d430cd4a144fb05 .av-special-heading-tag{\nfont-size:0.8em;\n}\n}\n\n@media only screen and (max-width: 479px){ \n#top #wrap_all .av-special-heading.av-av_heading-5bbb873f7d10d1df7d430cd4a144fb05 .av-special-heading-tag{\nfont-size:0.8em;\n}\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-av_heading-5bbb873f7d10d1df7d430cd4a144fb05 av-special-heading-h2 blockquote modern-quote modern-centered  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_one_full  av-thin-font av-inherit-size'><h2 class='av-special-heading-tag'  itemprop=\"headline\"  > <strong>The year of the revolution 1989 in monthly steps<\/strong><\/h2><div class='av-subheading av-subheading_below'><p>Illustrated with photos of the Peaceful Revolution<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class='flex_column_table av-7sve4-77a92cb1a3d495f2355c5a6690a9be6e sc-av_one_full av-equal-height-column-flextable'>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-7sve4-77a92cb1a3d495f2355c5a6690a9be6e\">\n#top .flex_column_table.av-equal-height-column-flextable.av-7sve4-77a92cb1a3d495f2355c5a6690a9be6e{\nmargin-top:0px;\nmargin-bottom:0px;\n}\n.flex_column.av-7sve4-77a92cb1a3d495f2355c5a6690a9be6e{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:10px 10px 10px 10px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-7sve4-77a92cb1a3d495f2355c5a6690a9be6e av_one_full  avia-builder-el-5  el_after_av_heading  el_before_av_hr  first flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-top'     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-jisxnakk-5d9feb802e5af94ca830c2903f59a5dd'   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p style=\"text-align: center;\">For each day of '89, you will be able to find the relevant events that led to the end of the GDR in our <strong><a href=\"\/en\/chronik-des-jahres-89\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">detailed timeline.<\/a><\/strong>.<br \/>\n<em>Taken from <a href=\"\/en\/friedliche-revolution\/#buch\">\"The Revolutionary Year 1989 - A Textbook with a Chronicle of the Year\"<\/a> of the Foundation Peaceful Revolution<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><!--close column table wrapper. Autoclose: 1 -->\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-jisyxz9z-b19baafb5870d3b9f5373e749268545d\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-jisyxz9z-b19baafb5870d3b9f5373e749268545d{\nheight:50px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-jisyxz9z-b19baafb5870d3b9f5373e749268545d hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-7  el_after_av_one_full  el_before_av_one_half'><span class='hr-inner'><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div  class='flex_column av-anj2ak-c3da5057f377666b9bbd7526e8447ba1 av_one_half  avia-builder-el-8  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_one_half  first flex_column_div'     ><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-av_heading-6cfefa8709323c9ebae9a789115fdfaa\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-av_heading-6cfefa8709323c9ebae9a789115fdfaa{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-av_heading-6cfefa8709323c9ebae9a789115fdfaa .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-av_heading-6cfefa8709323c9ebae9a789115fdfaa .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-av_heading-6cfefa8709323c9ebae9a789115fdfaa av-special-heading-h3 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-9  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first'><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag'  itemprop=\"headline\"  >January <\/h3><div class='av-subheading av-subheading_below'><p><strong>15.1.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-jisy349s-77dbf96c6419407a5d628926654c80f7'   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Around 500 people take part in an unauthorized rally for reforms in the GDR on Leipzig's town square. When the demonstration started to move, security forces intervened and broke up the gathering. 53 demonstrators were arrested. In the evening, a prayer of intercession for those arrested was held in Lukaskirche. Prayers and protests also took place in several other GDR cities. In Prague, on the occasion of the 20th anniversary of Jan Pallach's self-immolation, there are mass demonstrations. The police cracked down brutally on the demonstrators.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div><div  class='flex_column av-anj2ak-1a67d6d38b73794d558cf7732e51eea8 av_one_half  avia-builder-el-11  el_after_av_one_half  el_before_av_one_half  flex_column_div'     ><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-av_heading-5fc279933d184e6b10c9f41f912ace70\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-av_heading-5fc279933d184e6b10c9f41f912ace70{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-av_heading-5fc279933d184e6b10c9f41f912ace70 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-av_heading-5fc279933d184e6b10c9f41f912ace70 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-av_heading-5fc279933d184e6b10c9f41f912ace70 av-special-heading-h3 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-12  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first'><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag'  itemprop=\"headline\"  >February <\/h3><div class='av-subheading av-subheading_below'><p><strong>28.2.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-jisy349s-77dbf96c6419407a5d628926654c80f7'   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>In Halle, 40 people protest with a silent march against the shooting at the Berlin Wall.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div><div  class='flex_column av-9t4gfg-3d2bd2606a9376999770f11b8dacf971 av_one_half  avia-builder-el-14  el_after_av_one_half  el_before_av_one_half  first flex_column_div  column-top-margin'     ><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-1mxa0s-95d32491099883d47259ca4d5686c7d3\">\n.avia-image-container.av-1mxa0s-95d32491099883d47259ca4d5686c7d3 img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-1mxa0s-95d32491099883d47259ca4d5686c7d3 .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-1mxa0s-95d32491099883d47259ca4d5686c7d3 av-styling- avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-15  avia-builder-el-no-sibling  av-has-copyright av-copyright-always'   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-475 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-475 avia_image' src=\"https:\/\/freiheitsdenkmal-leipzig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/I.-Friedrich-32.jpg\" alt='Foto: Ingrid Friedrich, Plauen' title='\u00a9 Photo: Ingrid Friedrich, Plauen \u2502 Water cannon in downtown Plauen on October 7, 1989.'  height=\"2416\" width=\"3479\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/freiheitsdenkmal-leipzig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/I.-Friedrich-32.jpg 3479w, https:\/\/freiheitsdenkmal-leipzig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/I.-Friedrich-32-300x208.jpg 300w, https:\/\/freiheitsdenkmal-leipzig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/I.-Friedrich-32-768x533.jpg 768w, https:\/\/freiheitsdenkmal-leipzig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/I.-Friedrich-32-1030x715.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/freiheitsdenkmal-leipzig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/I.-Friedrich-32-1500x1042.jpg 1500w, https:\/\/freiheitsdenkmal-leipzig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/I.-Friedrich-32-705x490.jpg 705w, https:\/\/freiheitsdenkmal-leipzig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/I.-Friedrich-32-450x313.jpg 450w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 3479px) 100vw, 3479px\" \/><\/div><small class=\"avia-copyright\">\u00a9 Photo: Ingrid Friedrich, Plauen \u2502 Water cannon in downtown Plauen on October 7, 1989.<\/small><\/div><\/div><\/div><div  class='flex_column av-9t4gfg-9c40e049186d69b2451455e3f4fe86e9 av_one_half  avia-builder-el-16  el_after_av_one_half  el_before_av_one_half  flex_column_div  column-top-margin'     ><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-1su6dg-d3e15fa0c6497aab5055022e830e151c\">\n.avia-image-container.av-1su6dg-d3e15fa0c6497aab5055022e830e151c img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-1su6dg-d3e15fa0c6497aab5055022e830e151c .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\nfont-size:10px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-1su6dg-d3e15fa0c6497aab5055022e830e151c av-styling- avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-17  avia-builder-el-no-sibling  av-has-copyright av-copyright-always'   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-473 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-473 avia_image' src=\"https:\/\/freiheitsdenkmal-leipzig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/Foto-013-001-057.bmp\" alt='Foto: Archiv B\u00fcrgerbewegung Leipzig e.V. \/ Rainer K\u00fchn und Stefan Walter' title='\u00a9 Photo: Archive B\u00fcrgerbewegung Leipzig e.V. \/ Rainer K\u00fchn and Stefan Walter \u2502 Demonstration on September 18, 1989 at the Nikolaikirchhof Leipzig: Blocking off the Nikolaikirchhof by a police cordon.'  height=\"586\" width=\"826\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\"  \/><\/div><small class=\"avia-copyright\">\u00a9 Photo: Archive B\u00fcrgerbewegung Leipzig e.V. \/ Rainer K\u00fchn and Stefan Walter \u2502 Demonstration on September 18, 1989 at the Nikolaikirchhof Leipzig: Blocking off the Nikolaikirchhof by a police cordon.<\/small><\/div><\/div><\/div><div  class='flex_column av-anj2ak-c3da5057f377666b9bbd7526e8447ba1 av_one_half  avia-builder-el-18  el_after_av_one_half  el_before_av_one_half  first flex_column_div  column-top-margin'     ><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-av_heading-f5a8b0101c2d720a5a2a1c2beecfee6e\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-av_heading-f5a8b0101c2d720a5a2a1c2beecfee6e{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-av_heading-f5a8b0101c2d720a5a2a1c2beecfee6e .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-av_heading-f5a8b0101c2d720a5a2a1c2beecfee6e .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-av_heading-f5a8b0101c2d720a5a2a1c2beecfee6e av-special-heading-h3 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-19  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first'><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag'  itemprop=\"headline\"  >March <\/h3><div class='av-subheading av-subheading_below'><p><strong>23.3.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-jisy349s-77dbf96c6419407a5d628926654c80f7'   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>The Christian Environmental Seminar in R\u00f6tha, south of Leipzig, registers around 12,000 signatures under the initiative \"Eine Mark f\u00fcr Espenhain\" (One Mark* for Espenhain), which calls for the immediate modernization of the neighboring Espenhain lignite processing plant.\n*GDR currency<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div><div  class='flex_column av-anj2ak-1a67d6d38b73794d558cf7732e51eea8 av_one_half  avia-builder-el-21  el_after_av_one_half  el_before_av_one_half  flex_column_div  column-top-margin'     ><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-av_heading-69ed8f5d78b1420095fb5331687cdecc\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-av_heading-69ed8f5d78b1420095fb5331687cdecc{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-av_heading-69ed8f5d78b1420095fb5331687cdecc .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-av_heading-69ed8f5d78b1420095fb5331687cdecc .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-av_heading-69ed8f5d78b1420095fb5331687cdecc av-special-heading-h3 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-22  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first'><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag'  itemprop=\"headline\"  >April<\/h3><div class='av-subheading av-subheading_below'><p><strong>26.4.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-jisy349s-77dbf96c6419407a5d628926654c80f7'   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>The five-day final meeting of the Ecumenical Assembly for Justice, Peace and Integrity of Creation begins in Dresden with 150 representatives of 19 Christian churches in the GDR. GDR Defense Minister Heinz Ke\u00dfler rejects calls for the introduction of civilian alternative military service. In Stendal, several anti-nuclear activists are arrested for distributing leaflets, including Erika Drees, a delegate of the Ecumenical Assembly. They are threatened with lawsuits for \"interference with state activity\".<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div><div  class='flex_column av-9t4gfg-3d2bd2606a9376999770f11b8dacf971 av_one_half  avia-builder-el-24  el_after_av_one_half  el_before_av_one_half  first flex_column_div  column-top-margin'     ><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-1f1srw-b1d96994b81de6a73bd8ed68f2183e49\">\n.avia-image-container.av-1f1srw-b1d96994b81de6a73bd8ed68f2183e49 img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-1f1srw-b1d96994b81de6a73bd8ed68f2183e49 .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-1f1srw-b1d96994b81de6a73bd8ed68f2183e49 av-styling- avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-25  avia-builder-el-no-sibling  av-has-copyright av-copyright-always'   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-482 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-482 avia_image' src=\"https:\/\/freiheitsdenkmal-leipzig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/Foto-006-016-276.jpg\" alt='Foto: ABL' title='\u00a9 Photo: ABL \/ Bernd Heinze \u2502 Peace prayer in the Nikolaikirche Leipzig on January 8, 1990: Pastor Christian F\u00fchrer'  height=\"1080\" width=\"1535\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/freiheitsdenkmal-leipzig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/Foto-006-016-276.jpg 1535w, https:\/\/freiheitsdenkmal-leipzig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/Foto-006-016-276-300x211.jpg 300w, https:\/\/freiheitsdenkmal-leipzig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/Foto-006-016-276-768x540.jpg 768w, https:\/\/freiheitsdenkmal-leipzig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/Foto-006-016-276-1030x725.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/freiheitsdenkmal-leipzig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/Foto-006-016-276-1500x1055.jpg 1500w, https:\/\/freiheitsdenkmal-leipzig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/Foto-006-016-276-705x496.jpg 705w, https:\/\/freiheitsdenkmal-leipzig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/Foto-006-016-276-450x317.jpg 450w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1535px) 100vw, 1535px\" \/><\/div><small class=\"avia-copyright\">\u00a9 Photo: ABL \/ Bernd Heinze \u2502 Peace prayer in the Nikolaikirche Leipzig on January 8, 1990: Pastor Christian F\u00fchrer<\/small><\/div><\/div><\/div><div  class='flex_column av-9t4gfg-9c40e049186d69b2451455e3f4fe86e9 av_one_half  avia-builder-el-26  el_after_av_one_half  el_before_av_one_half  flex_column_div  column-top-margin'     ><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-18c12k-7fa784d42623d6bb53385845e4d0cc7d\">\n.avia-image-container.av-18c12k-7fa784d42623d6bb53385845e4d0cc7d img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-18c12k-7fa784d42623d6bb53385845e4d0cc7d .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-18c12k-7fa784d42623d6bb53385845e4d0cc7d av-styling- avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-27  avia-builder-el-no-sibling  av-has-copyright av-copyright-always'   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-490 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-490 avia_image' src=\"https:\/\/freiheitsdenkmal-leipzig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/Foto-021-002-019_2-1.jpg\" alt='' title='\u00a9 Photo: ABL\/ Martin Jehnichen \u2502 Demonstration of Leipzig civil rights activists and participants of the church congress at the closing event of the church congress of the Evangelical Church of Saxony on July 9, 1989 in Leipzig.'  height=\"1080\" width=\"1559\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/freiheitsdenkmal-leipzig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/Foto-021-002-019_2-1.jpg 1559w, https:\/\/freiheitsdenkmal-leipzig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/Foto-021-002-019_2-1-300x208.jpg 300w, https:\/\/freiheitsdenkmal-leipzig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/Foto-021-002-019_2-1-768x532.jpg 768w, https:\/\/freiheitsdenkmal-leipzig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/Foto-021-002-019_2-1-1030x714.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/freiheitsdenkmal-leipzig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/Foto-021-002-019_2-1-1500x1039.jpg 1500w, https:\/\/freiheitsdenkmal-leipzig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/Foto-021-002-019_2-1-705x488.jpg 705w, https:\/\/freiheitsdenkmal-leipzig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/Foto-021-002-019_2-1-450x312.jpg 450w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1559px) 100vw, 1559px\" \/><\/div><small class=\"avia-copyright\">\u00a9 Photo: ABL\/ Martin Jehnichen \u2502 Demonstration of Leipzig civil rights activists and participants of the church congress at the closing event of the church congress of the Evangelical Church of Saxony on July 9, 1989 in Leipzig.<\/small><\/div><\/div><\/div><div  class='flex_column av-anj2ak-c3da5057f377666b9bbd7526e8447ba1 av_one_half  avia-builder-el-28  el_after_av_one_half  el_before_av_one_half  first flex_column_div  column-top-margin'     ><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-av_heading-001531302ab7a324fb882263719a88e3\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-av_heading-001531302ab7a324fb882263719a88e3{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-av_heading-001531302ab7a324fb882263719a88e3 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-av_heading-001531302ab7a324fb882263719a88e3 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-av_heading-001531302ab7a324fb882263719a88e3 av-special-heading-h3 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-29  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first'><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag'  itemprop=\"headline\"  >May<\/h3><div class='av-subheading av-subheading_below'><p><strong>7.5.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-jisy349s-77dbf96c6419407a5d628926654c80f7'   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>According to official figures, 98.85% of the votes in the GDR's local elections are cast for candidates on the single lists. For the first time, opposition activists carried out nationwide inspections during the vote count, discovering and publicizing considerable electoral fraud. When the polling stations close, 1,500 demonstrators gather at the Leipzig market. The police intervene against a demonstration procession. 120 people are arrested.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div><div  class='flex_column av-anj2ak-1a67d6d38b73794d558cf7732e51eea8 av_one_half  avia-builder-el-31  el_after_av_one_half  el_before_av_one_half  flex_column_div  column-top-margin'     ><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-av_heading-702761593739f7920260dfec0c5fc1b4\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-av_heading-702761593739f7920260dfec0c5fc1b4{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-av_heading-702761593739f7920260dfec0c5fc1b4 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-av_heading-702761593739f7920260dfec0c5fc1b4 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-av_heading-702761593739f7920260dfec0c5fc1b4 av-special-heading-h3 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-32  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first'><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag'  itemprop=\"headline\"  >June<\/h3><div class='av-subheading av-subheading_below'><p><strong>10.6.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-jisy349s-77dbf96c6419407a5d628926654c80f7'   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>A street music festival in Leipzig ends with a brutal police action. 114 participants are temporarily arrested. One participant is sentenced to six weeks' imprisonment without a court ruling under \u00a7214 of the GDR's penal code.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div><div  class='flex_column av-9t4gfg-3d2bd2606a9376999770f11b8dacf971 av_one_half  avia-builder-el-34  el_after_av_one_half  el_before_av_one_half  first flex_column_div  column-top-margin'     ><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-18c12k-a210b61ba476ac75aa3eef161d00f213\">\n.avia-image-container.av-18c12k-a210b61ba476ac75aa3eef161d00f213 img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-18c12k-a210b61ba476ac75aa3eef161d00f213 .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-18c12k-a210b61ba476ac75aa3eef161d00f213 av-styling- avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-35  avia-builder-el-no-sibling  av-has-copyright av-copyright-always'   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-827 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-827 avia_image' src=\"https:\/\/freiheitsdenkmal-leipzig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Foto-021-006-0171_79dpi.jpg\" alt='' title='\u00a9 Photo: ABL \/ Martin Jehnichen \u2502 Monday demonstration on the Leipzig ring road on December 18, 1989'  height=\"3089\" width=\"4633\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/freiheitsdenkmal-leipzig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Foto-021-006-0171_79dpi.jpg 4633w, https:\/\/freiheitsdenkmal-leipzig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Foto-021-006-0171_79dpi-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/freiheitsdenkmal-leipzig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Foto-021-006-0171_79dpi-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/freiheitsdenkmal-leipzig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Foto-021-006-0171_79dpi-1030x687.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/freiheitsdenkmal-leipzig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Foto-021-006-0171_79dpi-1500x1000.jpg 1500w, https:\/\/freiheitsdenkmal-leipzig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Foto-021-006-0171_79dpi-705x470.jpg 705w, https:\/\/freiheitsdenkmal-leipzig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Foto-021-006-0171_79dpi-450x300.jpg 450w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 4633px) 100vw, 4633px\" \/><\/div><small class=\"avia-copyright\">\u00a9 Photo: ABL \/ Martin Jehnichen \u2502 Monday demonstration on the Leipzig ring road on December 18, 1989<\/small><\/div><\/div><\/div><div  class='flex_column av-9t4gfg-9c40e049186d69b2451455e3f4fe86e9 av_one_half  avia-builder-el-36  el_after_av_one_half  el_before_av_hr  flex_column_div  column-top-margin'     ><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-18c12k-714dafcdb3f923f447192c9c2a2c2d1c\">\n.avia-image-container.av-18c12k-714dafcdb3f923f447192c9c2a2c2d1c img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-18c12k-714dafcdb3f923f447192c9c2a2c2d1c .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-18c12k-714dafcdb3f923f447192c9c2a2c2d1c av-styling- avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-37  avia-builder-el-no-sibling  av-has-copyright av-copyright-always'   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-825 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-825 avia_image' src=\"https:\/\/freiheitsdenkmal-leipzig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/I.-Friedrich-35-Kopie1_79dpi.jpg\" alt='' title='\u00a9 Photo: Ingrid Friedrich, Plauen \u2502 Water cannon in downtown Plauen on October 7, 1989.'  height=\"1203\" width=\"1774\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/freiheitsdenkmal-leipzig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/I.-Friedrich-35-Kopie1_79dpi.jpg 1774w, https:\/\/freiheitsdenkmal-leipzig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/I.-Friedrich-35-Kopie1_79dpi-300x203.jpg 300w, https:\/\/freiheitsdenkmal-leipzig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/I.-Friedrich-35-Kopie1_79dpi-768x521.jpg 768w, https:\/\/freiheitsdenkmal-leipzig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/I.-Friedrich-35-Kopie1_79dpi-1030x698.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/freiheitsdenkmal-leipzig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/I.-Friedrich-35-Kopie1_79dpi-1500x1017.jpg 1500w, https:\/\/freiheitsdenkmal-leipzig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/I.-Friedrich-35-Kopie1_79dpi-705x478.jpg 705w, https:\/\/freiheitsdenkmal-leipzig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/I.-Friedrich-35-Kopie1_79dpi-450x305.jpg 450w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1774px) 100vw, 1774px\" \/><\/div><small class=\"avia-copyright\">\u00a9 Photo: Ingrid Friedrich, Plauen \u2502 Water cannon in downtown Plauen on October 7, 1989.<\/small><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-jit1u33e-705e7cf9c895add7ead575d38c7363cc\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-jit1u33e-705e7cf9c895add7ead575d38c7363cc{\nheight:5px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-jit1u33e-705e7cf9c895add7ead575d38c7363cc hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-38  el_after_av_one_half  el_before_av_one_half'><span class='hr-inner'><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div  class='flex_column av-anj2ak-c3da5057f377666b9bbd7526e8447ba1 av_one_half  avia-builder-el-39  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_one_half  first flex_column_div'     ><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-av_heading-7ce19600c3a6eb2f9086b85d37c4d4eb\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-av_heading-7ce19600c3a6eb2f9086b85d37c4d4eb{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-av_heading-7ce19600c3a6eb2f9086b85d37c4d4eb .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-av_heading-7ce19600c3a6eb2f9086b85d37c4d4eb .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-av_heading-7ce19600c3a6eb2f9086b85d37c4d4eb av-special-heading-h3 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-40  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first'><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag'  itemprop=\"headline\"  >July<\/h3><div class='av-subheading av-subheading_below'><p><strong>15.7.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-jisy349s-77dbf96c6419407a5d628926654c80f7'   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>At an event in the packed village church of Berlin-Bohnsdorf, East Berlin writer Stefan Heym urges for more democracy in the GDR.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div><div  class='flex_column av-anj2ak-1a67d6d38b73794d558cf7732e51eea8 av_one_half  avia-builder-el-42  el_after_av_one_half  el_before_av_one_half  flex_column_div'     ><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-av_heading-0e57349dbb81853529df0532a820d2a3\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-av_heading-0e57349dbb81853529df0532a820d2a3{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-av_heading-0e57349dbb81853529df0532a820d2a3 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-av_heading-0e57349dbb81853529df0532a820d2a3 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-av_heading-0e57349dbb81853529df0532a820d2a3 av-special-heading-h3 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-43  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first'><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag'  itemprop=\"headline\"  >August<\/h3><div class='av-subheading av-subheading_below'><p><strong>16.8.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-jisy349s-77dbf96c6419407a5d628926654c80f7'   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>At the Stolpe\/Heiligensee border crossing, an escape attempt with a tank truck fails.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div><div  class='flex_column av-9t4gfg-3d2bd2606a9376999770f11b8dacf971 av_one_half  avia-builder-el-45  el_after_av_one_half  el_before_av_one_half  first flex_column_div  column-top-margin'     ><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-ip5b0-c01431d336743dac5b0ebf1ca74c9b87\">\n.avia-image-container.av-ip5b0-c01431d336743dac5b0ebf1ca74c9b87 img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-ip5b0-c01431d336743dac5b0ebf1ca74c9b87 .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-ip5b0-c01431d336743dac5b0ebf1ca74c9b87 av-styling- avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-46  el_before_av_image  avia-builder-el-first  av-has-copyright av-copyright-always'   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-484 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-484 avia_image' src=\"https:\/\/freiheitsdenkmal-leipzig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/Foto-015-006-148.jpg\" alt='' title='\u00a9 Photo: ABL \/ Armin Wiech \u2502 Monday demonstration on September 4, 1989 in the Nikolaikirchhof in Leipzig following the prayer for peace in the Nikolaikirche.'  height=\"1080\" width=\"1684\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/freiheitsdenkmal-leipzig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/Foto-015-006-148.jpg 1684w, https:\/\/freiheitsdenkmal-leipzig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/Foto-015-006-148-300x192.jpg 300w, https:\/\/freiheitsdenkmal-leipzig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/Foto-015-006-148-768x493.jpg 768w, https:\/\/freiheitsdenkmal-leipzig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/Foto-015-006-148-1030x661.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/freiheitsdenkmal-leipzig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/Foto-015-006-148-1500x962.jpg 1500w, https:\/\/freiheitsdenkmal-leipzig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/Foto-015-006-148-705x452.jpg 705w, https:\/\/freiheitsdenkmal-leipzig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/Foto-015-006-148-450x289.jpg 450w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1684px) 100vw, 1684px\" \/><\/div><small class=\"avia-copyright\">\u00a9 Photo: ABL \/ Armin Wiech \u2502 Monday demonstration on September 4, 1989 in the Nikolaikirchhof in Leipzig following the prayer for peace in the Nikolaikirche.<\/small><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<\/p><\/div><div  class='flex_column av-9t4gfg-9c40e049186d69b2451455e3f4fe86e9 av_one_half  avia-builder-el-48  el_after_av_one_half  el_before_av_one_half  flex_column_div  column-top-margin'     ><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-9gy78-181806fff16cc9c3a43f85eb10c48194\">\n.avia-image-container.av-9gy78-181806fff16cc9c3a43f85eb10c48194 img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-9gy78-181806fff16cc9c3a43f85eb10c48194 .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-9gy78-181806fff16cc9c3a43f85eb10c48194 av-styling- avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-49  avia-builder-el-no-sibling  av-has-copyright av-copyright-always'   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-486 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-486 avia_image' src=\"https:\/\/freiheitsdenkmal-leipzig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/RHG_Fo_AnKae_82_comp.jpg\" alt='\u00a9 Foto: Havemann Gesellschaft' title='\u00a9 Photo: Havemann Society \u2502 About 100,000 people gather in Dresden on October 26, 1989, demanding, among other things, free elections and the admission of opposition groups.'  height=\"1080\" width=\"1612\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/freiheitsdenkmal-leipzig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/RHG_Fo_AnKae_82_comp.jpg 1612w, https:\/\/freiheitsdenkmal-leipzig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/RHG_Fo_AnKae_82_comp-300x201.jpg 300w, https:\/\/freiheitsdenkmal-leipzig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/RHG_Fo_AnKae_82_comp-768x515.jpg 768w, https:\/\/freiheitsdenkmal-leipzig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/RHG_Fo_AnKae_82_comp-1030x690.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/freiheitsdenkmal-leipzig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/RHG_Fo_AnKae_82_comp-1500x1005.jpg 1500w, https:\/\/freiheitsdenkmal-leipzig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/RHG_Fo_AnKae_82_comp-705x472.jpg 705w, https:\/\/freiheitsdenkmal-leipzig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/RHG_Fo_AnKae_82_comp-450x301.jpg 450w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1612px) 100vw, 1612px\" \/><\/div><small class=\"avia-copyright\">\u00a9 Photo: Havemann Society \u2502 About 100,000 people gather in Dresden on October 26, 1989, demanding, among other things, free elections and the admission of opposition groups.<\/small><\/div><\/div><\/div><div  class='flex_column av-anj2ak-c3da5057f377666b9bbd7526e8447ba1 av_one_half  avia-builder-el-50  el_after_av_one_half  el_before_av_one_half  first flex_column_div  column-top-margin'     ><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-av_heading-ec2ee63b339534bf35e745bc80ce1423\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-av_heading-ec2ee63b339534bf35e745bc80ce1423{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-av_heading-ec2ee63b339534bf35e745bc80ce1423 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-av_heading-ec2ee63b339534bf35e745bc80ce1423 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-av_heading-ec2ee63b339534bf35e745bc80ce1423 av-special-heading-h3 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-51  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first'><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag'  itemprop=\"headline\"  >September<\/h3><div class='av-subheading av-subheading_below'><p><strong>10.9.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-jisy349s-77dbf96c6419407a5d628926654c80f7'   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>The founding appeal of the \"New Forum\" initiative is published in East Berlin. It is signed by 30 civil rights activists from all over the GDR. Without prior consultation with the GDR leadership, Hungary opens the border crossings to the West to those in the country who are willing to leave the GDR. By the end of September, about 30,000 emigrants had reached West Germany this way.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div><div  class='flex_column av-anj2ak-1a67d6d38b73794d558cf7732e51eea8 av_one_half  avia-builder-el-53  el_after_av_one_half  el_before_av_one_half  flex_column_div  column-top-margin'     ><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-av_heading-5e1d3451e404b274c2e127210c263107\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-av_heading-5e1d3451e404b274c2e127210c263107{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-av_heading-5e1d3451e404b274c2e127210c263107 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-av_heading-5e1d3451e404b274c2e127210c263107 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-av_heading-5e1d3451e404b274c2e127210c263107 av-special-heading-h3 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-54  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first'><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag'  itemprop=\"headline\"  >October<\/h3><div class='av-subheading av-subheading_below'><p><strong>7.10.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-jisy349s-77dbf96c6419407a5d628926654c80f7'   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>The SED celebrates the 40th anniversary of the GDR in East Berlin at great effort. At the same time as the banquet, which was attended by numerous state and party guests, young people demonstrated on Alexanderplatz against the election fraud in May. Together with several thousand participants in the public festival, they then marched to the Gethsemane Church in Prenzlauer Berg and from there back to the city center, where the peaceful protest ended violently. Many are injured, numerous arrested and mistreated. That same evening, peaceful demonstrations also take place in Arnstadt, Dresden, Erfurt, Halle, Ilmenau, Karl-Marx-Stadt, Magdeburg, Plauen, Potsdam and Suhl. Most of them are brutally broken up, and over a thousand people are arrested. In downtown Leipzig, between 300 and 2,000 people attempt to demonstrate throughout the day. The security forces take brutal action against them. Almost 200 people are arrested and detained, among other places, in horse stables on the grounds of the Agra, which is intended as an internment camp for the \"case of tensions\". In Schwante near Berlin, 43 participants at a meeting in the protestant vicarage found the \"Social Democratic Party in the GDR\" (SDP).<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div><div  class='flex_column av-9t4gfg-3d2bd2606a9376999770f11b8dacf971 av_one_half  avia-builder-el-56  el_after_av_one_half  el_before_av_one_half  first flex_column_div  column-top-margin'     ><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-dii64-ae3db95de088ac2a3a30fae01b1f8ea0\">\n.avia-image-container.av-dii64-ae3db95de088ac2a3a30fae01b1f8ea0 img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-dii64-ae3db95de088ac2a3a30fae01b1f8ea0 .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-dii64-ae3db95de088ac2a3a30fae01b1f8ea0 av-styling- avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-57  avia-builder-el-no-sibling  av-has-copyright av-copyright-always'   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-485 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-485 avia_image' src=\"https:\/\/freiheitsdenkmal-leipzig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/Foto-061-009-025-2.jpg\" alt='' title='\u00a9 Photo: ABL \/ Christoph Motzer \u2502 Olof Palme Peace March from Torgau to Riesa with members of grassroots church groups from Leipzig on September 11, 1987.'  height=\"1080\" width=\"1694\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/freiheitsdenkmal-leipzig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/Foto-061-009-025-2.jpg 1694w, https:\/\/freiheitsdenkmal-leipzig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/Foto-061-009-025-2-300x191.jpg 300w, https:\/\/freiheitsdenkmal-leipzig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/Foto-061-009-025-2-768x490.jpg 768w, https:\/\/freiheitsdenkmal-leipzig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/Foto-061-009-025-2-1030x657.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/freiheitsdenkmal-leipzig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/Foto-061-009-025-2-1500x956.jpg 1500w, https:\/\/freiheitsdenkmal-leipzig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/Foto-061-009-025-2-705x449.jpg 705w, https:\/\/freiheitsdenkmal-leipzig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/Foto-061-009-025-2-450x287.jpg 450w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1694px) 100vw, 1694px\" \/><\/div><small class=\"avia-copyright\">\u00a9 Photo: ABL \/ Christoph Motzer \u2502 Olof Palme Peace March from Torgau to Riesa with members of grassroots church groups from Leipzig on September 11, 1987.<\/small><\/div><\/div><\/div><div  class='flex_column av-9t4gfg-9c40e049186d69b2451455e3f4fe86e9 av_one_half  avia-builder-el-58  el_after_av_one_half  el_before_av_one_half  flex_column_div  column-top-margin'     ><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-dii64-3a7f0b695cdcb63fd2ecff13d409aead\">\n.avia-image-container.av-dii64-3a7f0b695cdcb63fd2ecff13d409aead img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-dii64-3a7f0b695cdcb63fd2ecff13d409aead .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-dii64-3a7f0b695cdcb63fd2ecff13d409aead av-styling- avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-59  avia-builder-el-no-sibling  av-has-copyright av-copyright-always'   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-487 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-487 avia_image' src=\"https:\/\/freiheitsdenkmal-leipzig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/RHG_Fo_AnKae_80_comp.jpg\" alt='Foto: Havemann Gesellschaft' title='\u00a9 Photo: Havemann Society \u2502 Democracy on the move: For the first time, a member of the &quot;Group of 20&quot; attends the Dresden City Council on October 26, 1989, demanding free elections.'  height=\"1080\" width=\"1617\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/freiheitsdenkmal-leipzig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/RHG_Fo_AnKae_80_comp.jpg 1617w, https:\/\/freiheitsdenkmal-leipzig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/RHG_Fo_AnKae_80_comp-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/freiheitsdenkmal-leipzig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/RHG_Fo_AnKae_80_comp-768x513.jpg 768w, https:\/\/freiheitsdenkmal-leipzig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/RHG_Fo_AnKae_80_comp-1030x688.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/freiheitsdenkmal-leipzig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/RHG_Fo_AnKae_80_comp-1500x1002.jpg 1500w, https:\/\/freiheitsdenkmal-leipzig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/RHG_Fo_AnKae_80_comp-705x471.jpg 705w, https:\/\/freiheitsdenkmal-leipzig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/RHG_Fo_AnKae_80_comp-450x301.jpg 450w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1617px) 100vw, 1617px\" \/><\/div><small class=\"avia-copyright\">\u00a9 Photo: Havemann Society \u2502 Democracy on the move: For the first time, a member of the \"Group of 20\" attends the Dresden City Council on October 26, 1989, demanding free elections.<\/small><\/div><\/div><\/div><div  class='flex_column av-anj2ak-c3da5057f377666b9bbd7526e8447ba1 av_one_half  avia-builder-el-60  el_after_av_one_half  el_before_av_one_half  first flex_column_div  column-top-margin'     ><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-av_heading-252d194b5f0f42d3b2c2eb68f011f19f\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-av_heading-252d194b5f0f42d3b2c2eb68f011f19f{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-av_heading-252d194b5f0f42d3b2c2eb68f011f19f .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-av_heading-252d194b5f0f42d3b2c2eb68f011f19f .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-av_heading-252d194b5f0f42d3b2c2eb68f011f19f av-special-heading-h3 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-61  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first'><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag'  itemprop=\"headline\"  >November<\/h3><div class='av-subheading av-subheading_below'><p><strong>4.11.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-jisy349s-77dbf96c6419407a5d628926654c80f7'   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>East Berlin's city center experiences the largest non-governmental demonstration in the history of the GDR, with nearly one million participants. Among the speakers at the final rally on Alexanderplatz are the writers Christa Wolf, Christoph Hein, Stefan Heym and, as representatives of the new oppositional associations, Marianne Birthler, Konrad Elmer, Jens Reich and Friedrich Schorlemmer. Speakers such as Markus Wolf and G\u00fcnter Schabowski are met with reservations and booed several times. Television broadcasts the events directly and unannounced. In Magdeburg, 40,000 people demonstrate, in Altenburg 12,000, and in Arnstadt and Potsdam several thousand. In total, people take to the streets in around 50 locations on this day.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div><div  class='flex_column av-anj2ak-1a67d6d38b73794d558cf7732e51eea8 av_one_half  avia-builder-el-63  el_after_av_one_half  avia-builder-el-last  flex_column_div  column-top-margin'     ><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-av_heading-167757f562535b00bf51ef478ccdf098\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-av_heading-167757f562535b00bf51ef478ccdf098{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-av_heading-167757f562535b00bf51ef478ccdf098 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-av_heading-167757f562535b00bf51ef478ccdf098 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-av_heading-167757f562535b00bf51ef478ccdf098 av-special-heading-h3 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-64  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first'><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag'  itemprop=\"headline\"  >December<\/h3><div class='av-subheading av-subheading_below'><p><strong>4.12.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-jisy349s-77dbf96c6419407a5d628926654c80f7'   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>In Erfurt, angry citizens enter the office of the former Ministry for State Security for the first time in the morning to prevent Stasi files from being destroyed as evidence. News of the occupation of the Erfurt office, now called the \"Office for National Security,\" spread like wildfire throughout the GDR and lead to further occupations in the evening. In an \"Appeal of Reason\" prominent artists, scientists, churchmen and SED officials demand that the GDR government immediately involve so-called \"citizens' committees\" in investigating corruption and abuse of power. The GDR CDU, like the LDPD, leaves the Democratic Bloc and calls on Egon Krenz to resign from the chairmanship of the State Council and the National Defense Council. The SDP proposes May 6, 1990, as the date for free elections. Around 60,000 people participate in the evening demonstrations in some 60 towns, in Dresden, Karl-Marx-Stadt and Magdeburg respectively. In Leipzig, more than 150,000 demonstrators took to the streets.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><!-- close content main div --><\/div><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-aap6s-d88c81a9dcf0e3ec8d3cb6e46fa9c65f\">\n.avia-section.av-aap6s-d88c81a9dcf0e3ec8d3cb6e46fa9c65f{\nbackground-color:#bcbcbc;\nbackground-image:unset;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div id='buch'  class='avia-section av-aap6s-d88c81a9dcf0e3ec8d3cb6e46fa9c65f main_color avia-section-default avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-66  el_after_av_section  avia-builder-el-last  avia-bg-style-scroll container_wrap fullsize'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-full alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-364'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n<div class='flex_column_table av-d1f78-80a10f583eefad44473c92be5bbb5ad3 sc-av_one_third av-equal-height-column-flextable'>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-d1f78-80a10f583eefad44473c92be5bbb5ad3\">\n.flex_column.av-d1f78-80a10f583eefad44473c92be5bbb5ad3{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-d1f78-80a10f583eefad44473c92be5bbb5ad3 av_one_third  avia-builder-el-67  el_before_av_one_third  avia-builder-el-first  first flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-top av-zero-column-padding'     ><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-jkkzvouy-270483a26abc73235bb99848ac313717\">\n.avia-image-container.av-jkkzvouy-270483a26abc73235bb99848ac313717 img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-jkkzvouy-270483a26abc73235bb99848ac313717 .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-jkkzvouy-270483a26abc73235bb99848ac313717 av-styling-no-styling av-hover-grow avia_animated_image av-animated-when-visible-95 pop-up avia-align-right  avia-builder-el-68  avia-builder-el-no-sibling'   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-803 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-803 avia_image' src=\"https:\/\/freiheitsdenkmal-leipzig.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/buch_revolutionsjahr_170_01.jpg\" alt='' title='The Revolutionary Year 1989 - A Textbook with a Chronicle of the Year'  height=\"224\" width=\"170\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\"  \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class='av-flex-placeholder'><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-14uyk-d26e5fd729fb1fa72d605b7f6afc0fa6\">\n.flex_column.av-14uyk-d26e5fd729fb1fa72d605b7f6afc0fa6{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-14uyk-d26e5fd729fb1fa72d605b7f6afc0fa6 av_one_third  avia-builder-el-69  el_after_av_one_third  el_before_av_one_third  flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-top av-zero-column-padding'     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-jkkzsmzr-c8ca64c7224bc7a6e171d48d6aaf682d'   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><blockquote>\n<h4>&#8222;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.stiftung-fr.de\/service\/bestellung-buch\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Revolutionary Year 1989 - A Textbook with a Chronicle of the Year<\/a>&#8222;<\/h4>\n<p>by the Foundation Peaceful Revolution; with 57 contributions by well-known contemporary witnesses and journalists; 208 pages; EUR 19.89 incl. shipping costs<\/p>\n<p>ISBN Number: 978-3-00-046724-0<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div><div class='av-flex-placeholder'><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-ankx8-53fc2109ddde5f1e85416c6eb2b24db4\">\n.flex_column.av-ankx8-53fc2109ddde5f1e85416c6eb2b24db4{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-ankx8-53fc2109ddde5f1e85416c6eb2b24db4 av_one_third  avia-builder-el-71  el_after_av_one_third  avia-builder-el-last  flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-top av-zero-column-padding'     ><\/div><\/div><!--close column table wrapper. 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